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Screensize: 640 x 480 800 x 600 1024 x 768 1280 x 1024 UserName: Password: Format Mode: Basic  Help  Prompt  Format: Videos: Font Andale Mono Arial Arial Black Book Antiqua Century Gothic Comic Sans MS Courier New Georgia Impact Lucida Console Script MT Bold Stencil Tahoma Times New Roman Trebuchet MS Verdana   Size 1 2 3 4 5 6   Color Black Red Yellow Pink Green Orange Purple Blue Beige Brown Teal Navy Maroon LimeGreen Message: * HTML is OFF * Forum Code is ON Smilies [quote][i]Originally posted by Momodou[/i] [br] GAMBIA-L Digest 85 Topics covered in this issue include: 1) Re: SAHEL by Abdou Gibba <Abdou.Gibba@smr.uib.no> 2) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> 3) Fwd: Collapsed Building by MJagana@aol.com 4) Re: Collapsed Building by "<PMJ@COMMIT.GM>" <gambia-l@commit.gm> 5) Mobutu Dies In Exile In Morocco by mmjeng@image.dk 6) RE: confirmation by hghanim@nusacc.org 7) RE: SAHEL by hghanim@nusacc.org 8) RE: SAHEL by hghanim@nusacc.org 9) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by hghanim@nusacc.org 10) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by J GAYE <J.Gaye@Bradford.ac.uk> 11) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by "Heidi Skramstad" <heidis@amadeus.cmi.no> 12) RE: SINGING OFF! by J GAYE <J.Gaye@Bradford.ac.uk> 13) Trying to locate a relative! by Lamin Camara <masada@octonline.com> 14) Re: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by ASJanneh@aol.com 15) Re: SAHEL by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 16) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by hghanim@nusacc.org 17) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by hghanim@nusacc.org 18) RE: SAHEL by hghanim@nusacc.org 19) Gambia in the News (Digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 20) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> 21) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by hghanim@nusacc.org 22) RE: SINGING OFF! by BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> 23) Collapsed Building by SANG1220@aol.com 24) Religious Tolerance by SANG1220@aol.com 25) UN Council / Gambia by ASJanneh@aol.com 26) gastech survey (fwd) by Gabriel Ndow <gndow@Spelman.EDU> 27) Gambia at the winter Olympic - and a test by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> 28) SV: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by "Momodou S Sidibeh" <momodou.sidibeh@stockholm.mail.telia.com> 29) subscription by SAMBA NJIE <snjie@gis.net> 30) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> 31) Re: Gambia at the winter Olympic - and a test by mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow) 32) Need info. by mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow) 33) SV: Gambia at the winter Olympic - by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> 34) RE: Need info. by BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> 35) Re: Need info. by mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow) 36) Fwd: So Haley's Roots Was a Fabrication!! by "Jainaba Diallo" <jai_diallo@hotmail.com> 37) RE: So Haley's Roots Was a Fabrication! by hghanim@nusacc.org 38) grants for women (fwd) by Gabriel Ndow <gndow@Spelman.EDU> 39) New Members by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) 40) Gambia government criticises Moslem sect Organization by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) 41) Re: Gambia at the winter Olympic - and a test by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 42) Gambia in the News (Digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 43) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by Gunjur@aol.com 44) signing off by FCJALLOW.MRCLABS@gam.healthnet.org 45) RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA by hghanim@nusacc.org 46) African Dissertation Internship Award (fwd) by "N'Deye Marie N'Jie" <njie.1@osu.edu> 47) West Africa's Plan for Monetary union (fwd) by "N'Deye Marie N'Jie" <njie.1@osu.edu> 48) Re: West Africa's Plan for Monetary union (fwd) by msjaiteh@mtu.edu (Malanding S. Jaiteh) 49) Re: West Africa's Plan for Monetary union (fwd) by msjaiteh@mtu.edu (Malanding S. Jaiteh) 50) Re: West Africa's Plan for Monetary union (fwd) by "Ousman G." <gajigoo@wabash.edu> 51) Re: West Africa's Plan for Monetary union (fwd) by M W Payne <awo@mindspring.com> 52) Re: Gambia government criticises Moslem sect Organization by msjaiteh@mtu.edu (Malanding S. Jaiteh) 53) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by Gunjur@aol.com 54) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu> 55) brothers and sisters of the by "NJAGA JAGNE" <jagnen25@hotmail.com> 56) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by Numukunda Darboe <ndarboe@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu> 57) Re: Fwd: So Haley's Roots Was a Fabrication!! by Barry Mahon <barry.mahon@ci.rech.lu> 58) SV: So Haley's Roots Was a Fabrication!! by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> 59) ROOTS-Haley (fwd) by Gabriel Ndow <gndow@spelman.edu> 60) Signing off. by "N.JARJU" <CD6C6JNJ@swansea.ac.uk> 61) RE: West Africa's Plan for Monetary unio by hghanim@nusacc.org 62) SV: West Africa's Plan for Monetary unio by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> 63) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by hghanim@nusacc.org 64) sl by hghanim@nusacc.org 65) Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 66) Re: Gambia in the News (Digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 67) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Salifuj@aol.com 68) rainfall by hghanim@nusacc.org 69) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by Gunjur@aol.com 70) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Gunjur@aol.com 71) RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) by Gunjur@aol.com 72) Re: Tripod Insider - Vol. 3, No. 37 by Gunjur@aol.com 73) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 74) Re-Gambia in the News(a Sept 11 digest) by "Kaira Isatou Boubacar" <kaiisa@hs.nki.no> 75) RE: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Ceesay Soffie <Ceesay_Soffie@ems.prc.com> 76) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Salifuj@aol.com 77) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Gunjur@aol.com 78) RE: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest by hghanim@nusacc.org 79) New Members by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) 80) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by "Inqs." <nfaal@is2.dal.ca> 81) Fwd: Disturbing trends in the WTO by momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara) 82) New Member by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) 83) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Numukunda Darboe <ndarboe@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu> 84) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Gabriel Ndow <gndow@spelman.edu> 85) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Numukunda Darboe <ndarboe@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu> 86) Gambia in the News (a Sept 12 digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 87) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 12 digest) by Gabriel Ndow <gndow@spelman.edu> 88) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 89) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 90) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 91) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 12 digest) by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 92) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 12 digest) by Salifuj@aol.com 93) Secretary of state for Religious Affairs by SANG1220@aol.com 94) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Gunjur@aol.com 95) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Gunjur@aol.com 96) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu> 97) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest by TRODDING THRU CREATION INNA IRIE MEDITATION <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com> 98) Religion by SANG1220@aol.com 99) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by MOMODOU BUHARRY GASSAMA <m.gassama@swipnet.se> 100) Improper Gov't meddling by KTouray@aol.com 101) new member by chakys@image.dk 102) Re: Gambia in the News (a Sept 11 digest) by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sun, 07 Sep 1997 17:26:15 +0100 From: Abdou Gibba <Abdou.Gibba@smr.uib.no> To: gambia-l <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: SAHEL Message-ID: <2.2.32.19970907162615.0072a96c@golf.uib.no> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Dr. Jeng! THANKS FOR THE CORRECTION. AM SURE MANY WERE BEGINNING TO GET CONFUSED. Regards, Abdou Oujimai ----------------------------------- At 17:17 06/09/97 +0000, you wrote: >Mr. Ghanim, > >A point of correction! Mr. Sambou Kinteh is not the Secretary of State for >Agriculture. He is the Permanent Secretary at the Department of State for >Agriculture. The Secretary of State for Agriculture is Mr. Musa Mbenga. > >This is for the information of all those who have read Mr. Ghanim's piece >on the CILLS summit. > >Dr. Jeng ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 7 Sep 1997 19:27:02 +0300 From: BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> To: "'GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU'" <GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU> Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <01BCBBC4.A9DDC9C0@ddbm.qatar.net.qa> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Heidi, Gor-Jiggen ,as you may already know ,is a compound noun that literally = means Man-Woman,referring to a person who has male physical features but = behaves ,reacts,dresses and feels or pretends to feel like a woman. We sometimes loosely use this same word on a person who even though is a = man but due Hormonal imbalance(has more female hormone)becomes a little = bit feminine(effeminate) in his features eg. face,voice,bottom etc.This = type,like in all societies,is common in the Gambia. As for the first type that dresses like and tends to have only women = friends, that is much more common in Senegal than Gambia.They are = neither ethnic specific nor have they a cultural function that remotely = resembles the role played by the Kanyelengoes in the Gambia(The cultural = role of the Kanyelengoes is to perform Rituals for women having problems = getting pregnant after marriage or pray for Twins so that the Gods would = not take away one of them that they may consider as an unnecessary = duplication).And even though I have not done any research on this = phenomenon,I would like to posit nonetheless that most of the young men = who adopt such a lifestyle are driven to it by the failure of their = bringing up or family environment to sufficiently inculcate the Gender = Roles and Expectations that are so unambiguously clear-cut in the = African Pedagogy.=20 Yes,most of these Gor-Jiggens in Senegal belatedly learn their gender = roles and eventually get married to 'lower class' women or outsiders and = have families.And the few that are either impotent or fail to recover = from the confusion as to their sexuality spend the rest of their lives = either as masters of ceremonies or clowns or match makers(metlangoes) or = all of them. Regards Bassss! ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 7 Sep 1997 23:17:38 -0400 (EDT) From: MJagana@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Fwd: Collapsed Building Message-ID: <970907231529_251555161@emout20.mail.aol.com> In a message dated 97-09-05 17:55:53 EDT, SANG1220@aol.com writes: << I seriously urge that all blue print materils be thoroughly examined and the supporting cast be made to answer questions concerning the quality of >> Dear G L, I have follow the collapsegate story for a while, some of us have come up with different annalysis as to the cause of this accident. Some of us have gone defensive of ( amadou samba) and others offensive. However we need to also question the role played by the department of building control in approving this building. Did the dept or DOES IT AT ALL REVIEW THE BLUE PRINTS FOR THESE BUILDINGS. Also I uderstand the way mr samba handles his cement tend to compromise on the quality and the strength of the original cement composition. Also were was the archcitects and the engineers of the construction company. Is this accident showing some kind of professional incompetence or is it ignorance of the gambians in regard to safety measures and planning. This accident should be an awakening call to the professionals in the field of building and the importers of building materails and the government to make sure that proper procedures are used by all those involve in this field. May the blessing of ALLAH, be on the dead and my sorrow and saddness go to all the families that lost a person. MOMODOU JAGANA --------------------- Forwarded message: From: SANG1220@aol.com Sender: GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Reply-to: gambia-l@u.washington.edu To: GAMBIA-L@, gambia-l@u.washington.edu (The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List), @ Date: 97-09-05 17:55:53 EDT Latir, Your account givem on 8/29/97 on the collapsed building, makes me to ask some questions+ raise some concerns. First, the collapsed building, we were told that perhaps the cause was thunderbolt and lightning; well for that to happened the structural material must have flaws i.e either the material call for in the blue pint was not followed to specification or it was adulterated. Besides being an astute businessman, I understand Mr. Samba is also a lawyer. This being the case, I would assume that he has a supporting cast of architechs and engineers drawing up plans for his projects. I would urge that he call them to "the carpet" and demand some answers or better yet replace them; save himself a lot of grief. However lets wait and see what the investigation reveals. Second, latir you mention that a disaster ocuured last year at the site of arch 22, the investigation in that debacle should have included the following 1. compression test on the concrete,2. report on the foundation and 3.packing test to ensure that the ground can withstand the weight.It is very odd to build an arch and cars are forbidden to drive "thru" it . If the vibrations from cars can cause damage to the arch, then we need to take a serius look at the kind of concrete specified on the blue print. I was also made aware that 10 million dalasies was the price tag for the arch. I wonder who or what we're trying to appease? That money could have been better spent improving the quality of life for the Gambian peaple or better yet build more high schools to accommodate the growing population of high school age children who find themselves displaced. In both these cases, a behavioural pattern is forming I seriously urge that all blue print materils be thoroughly examined and the supporting cast be made to answer questions concerning the quality of their work.Please supply us with more info as the investigation proceeds. Thanks. Daddy Sang ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 7 Sep 1997 23:12:39 +0100 From: "<PMJ@COMMIT.GM>" <gambia-l@commit.gm> To: <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: Collapsed Building Message-ID: <B0000005897@south.commit.gm> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sent by "Pa Musa Jallow" <pmj@commit.gm> via Commit Hi Jabou, If the foundation was found to have caved in quite a bit as you reported..then that raises some salient points...but requires further clarification..what was cavng..the foudation walls or vertical members or the footings or gground beams or the horizontal members..this is critical i. This means that there was a load transference failure..if the vertical members were bending or bent..then there was a verticality problem..i.e. the foundation columns or piers ??? were not very vertical and the load transfer was tangential..not all the load was transferred to the footings for distribution or ii if the footings or ground beams were bending, then there were simply overloaded and were not effectively spreading the load this would definitely imply a design failure as it is quite unlikely that the builder would not deviate from the design but..even though I am not insinuating that the report is inaccurate..i will note that in the case of differential settling..it is very rare for this to be evenly spread..there failure will not be uniform..in my hypothesis earlier..I put it that the nature of the collapse would imply that the key structural elements gave way almost simultaneously...this is what I have garnered so far from reports, i have yet to hear of any of the key structures standing, that would have happened where some of the foundation fails under severe loading and some still holding, then sections would have sagged or failed..something like that comments invited pmj p.s. these comments are purely hypothetical ---------- > From: Gunjur@AOL.COM > To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> > Subject: Re: Collapsed Building > Date: Saturday, September 06, 1997 9:31 PM > > Concerning the collapsed building, l feel compelled to mention something that > l was told over the week-end. It seems that upon examining the ruins of the > building, it was found that the foundation had caved in quite a bit below > ground. Does anyoneone out there have any opinions on this? > > Jabou Joh ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 13:04:31 +2000 From: mmjeng@image.dk To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Mobutu Dies In Exile In Morocco Message-ID: <199709081105.NAA16162@mail.image.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Mobutu dies in exile in Morocco RABAT, Morocco (CNN) -- Mobutu Sese Seko, who held an iron grip on Zaire during his more than three decades in power, died Sunday, less than four months after he was forced into exile. He was 66. The former president of what is now called the Democratic Republic of Congo died at about 9:30 p.m. (2130 GMT) at a military hospital in the Moroccan capital of Rabat, according to a report from the Moroccan news agency MAP. He had been hospitalized there since early July. Hospital workers, speaking on condition of anonymity, confirmed the report of Mobutu's death to The Associated Press. The cause of death was described as a "long illness." Mobutu had reportedly been suffering from advanced prostate cancer and had traveled to Europe for medical treatment during the last year of his rule. Mobutu fled from what was then called Zaire in May after forces led by rebel leader Laurent Kabila marched from strongholds in the eastern part of the central African nation to the outskirts of the capital, Kinshasa -- meeting surprisingly little resistance from Mobutu's collapsing army. After seizing control from Mobutu, Kabila discarded the name Zaire, which Mobutu had adopted in 1971 in a drive to Africanize the country and replace names from its Belgian colonial period. Mobutu seized power in 1965 In Congo, there was no immediate mention of Mobutu's death on radio or television. The man who would one day become his young country's dominant political force was born Joseph Desire Mobutu on October 14, 1930, in what was then known as the Belgian Congo. In later years, he would Africanize his name to Mobutu Sese Seko. After the vast colony with significant mineral wealth gained independence in 1960, Mobutu, a journalist by training, was named army chief of staff and later commander-in-chief. In 1965, Mobutu seized power with the backing of the military and tacit support of Western countries, who saw him as a bulwark against communist expansion in Africa. He established a one-party state, banning all other political organizations but his own. Over the next three decades, Mobutu led one of the most enduring regimes in Africa -- and, said his critics, one of the most dictatorial and corrupt. Despite the country's obvious natural resources, including copper, gold and diamonds, much of Zaire's population continued to sink further into poverty. But Mobutu, known for his trademark leopard-skin hat, amassed a personal fortune estimated to be as much as $5 billion, with homes in Switzerland and France. Mobutu also pursued a policy of "Zairianization," a nationalistic attempt to expunge remnants of colonialism. In addition to changing the names of the country and many of its cities, major industries were nationalized. And emulating Mobutu, government workers and ministers had to wear Mao-style jackets and drop their Western names. West dropped Mobutu after Cold War However, as the Cold War waned in the early 1990s, so too did Western support for Mobutu, especially in light of allegations of human rights abuses and rampant corruption. Belgium, France and the United States all suspended military and financial assistance to the regime, undermining Mobutu's grip on power. As the economic and political situation worsened, Kabila, a long-time rival of Mobutu's and now president of Congo, began a military drive from eastern Zaire in October 1996 to depose him. As the rebels advanced, Mobutu -- who had been out of the country receiving medical treatment -- returned to Zaire, vowing to crush the rebellion. But by May, with his regime in shambles, Mobutu fled, first to Togo and then to Morocco. He had reportedly requested permission to travel to France for medical treatment, but the French government refused. A diplomatic source told Reuters that Mobutu, a Roman Catholic, would be buried in Rabat's Christian cemetery. But a family member, speaking in Kinshasa on condition of anonymity, said Mobutu had requested that his body be cremated and his ashes scattered over the land he once ruled. ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 8:54:19 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: kolls567@qatar.net.qa, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: confirmation Message-ID: <TFSHBBOK@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Thanks Basss and Anthony Loum for the addition=2E Sincerely what can we do without our sister's help and support=2E? Not =20 much!! What I originally suggested still stands A women's committee to help =20 organize the sisters and maybe have a club to help each other learn how =20 to use the internet free and easy as a start=2E When we can get more of the= =20 sisters to be comfortable with the cyberspace then we would have =20 contributed more to our society than you can imagine =2E When you teach a =20= =20 woman she also teaches her children and all her family but the men tend =20 to keep it to themselves=2E This is one of the reasons why we encourage our= =20 sisters to come to the masjids (mosques) =2E The prayer hall is usually =20 full when the women are around because their husbands , children and =20 friends are also around to make the Sunday schools lively=2E Hope we expand to get more of our daughters and wives learn the internet =20 =2E peace Habib =20 -----Original Message----- From: kolls567@qatar=2Enet=2Eqa Sent: Saturday, September 06, 1997 2:48 AM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: RE: confirmation << File: FILE0001=2EATT >> --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Well,Andrea is right in saying that oppression of Women is not a European monopoly(Africa is also notorious for it) and Habib is also right in =20 saying even if there was one,the way to go about fighting it is Not to declare a blanket war on men,as its the case in most gender =20 struggles in the West=2EBecause even though very many African men unknowingly benefit from the second Class Status of their womenfolk,it does not and cannot follow from that that most African men are =20 ideologically opposed to the development of the black Woman as a full and free human =20 being=2E I believe,with time,Amy would realise that even though the founding =20 fathers of Gambia-l are all men except one,Sarian,it is totally unfair to assume =20 that the demographics of the people in control of this forum is nothing but a reflection of real life back home=2EMaybe she has not yet heard of the GambiaNet or the Education Committee some of whose members =20 are very smart women like Andrea,Ndey Kumba,Isatou Secka,Ndey Marie Njie=2EAs for Sarian,she is one of the managers=2ESo,unless Amy's questions= =20 are just meant to seek information about how this place is run,I would then =20 have to say that she is pointing her accusing fingers in the wrong direction! Because most men here on this forum are not only well informed =20= =20 and sensitive to the plight of Gambian Women,but they are also dedicated to participate in the fight to end her second class citizen status=2ESo,please keep up the good work down there! Regards Bassss! ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 9:09:28 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: NARB@COMMIT.GM, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: SAHEL Message-ID: <TFSHGGAO@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Thanks Dr=2E Jeng for the update and we kindly ask you if you do not mind =20= =20 to keep us posted on the very important drought matter facing the region=2E= =20 Keep up your good job down there=2E Habib -----Original Message----- From: NARB@COMMIT=2EGM Sent: Saturday, September 06, 1997 2:26 PM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: SAHEL --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Sent by narb@commit=2Egm (National Agricultural Research Board) via Commit Mr=2E Ghanim, A point of correction! Mr=2E Sambou Kinteh is not the Secretary of State =20 for Agriculture=2E He is the Permanent Secretary at the Department of State for Agriculture=2E The Secretary of State for Agriculture is Mr=2E Musa Mbenga=2E This is for the information of all those who have read Mr=2E Ghanim's piece on the CILLS summit=2E Dr=2E Jeng ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 9:15:10 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: Abdou.Gibba@smr.uib.no, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: SAHEL Message-ID: <TFSHIEPY@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Thanks again Habib -----Original Message----- From: Abdou=2EGibba@smr=2Euib=2Eno Sent: Sunday, September 07, 1997 11:22 AM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: Re: SAHEL --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Dr=2E Jeng! THANKS FOR THE CORRECTION=2E AM SURE MANY WERE BEGINNING TO GET CONFUSED=2E Regards, Abdou Oujimai ----------------------------------- At 17:17 06/09/97 +0000, you wrote: >Mr=2E Ghanim, > >A point of correction! Mr=2E Sambou Kinteh is not the Secretary of State =20= =20 for >Agriculture=2E He is the Permanent Secretary at the Department of State =20 for >Agriculture=2E The Secretary of State for Agriculture is Mr=2E Musa Mbenga=2E > >This is for the information of all those who have read Mr=2E Ghanim's =20 piece >on the CILLS summit=2E > >Dr=2E Jeng ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 9:37:12 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: kolls567@qatar.net.qa, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <TFSHPSEO@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Bassss You definitely educated me on this subject=2E Is Heidi writing a book on =20 this matter =2E I understand there is a book by Geoffrey Gorer called =20 AFRICA DANCES =2E If you can get a hold of it you will have a detailed =20 version of the Kanyelengoes in the Foni and Casamance regions=2E Heidi if you are writing a novel please try to give some of the proceeds =20 to the GambiaL or the people who helped you put it together and try to =20 portray it as fairly as possible=2E Alex Haley promised us a lot when he wrote ROOTS but hardly delivered =20 anything financial =2E We give him credit for literally putting Gambia on =20= =20 the world 's known countries and with the African American communities=2E I= =20 remember all of us at 16 th in DC sat with him ( Omar Sey ,Buck-Dr Nyang =20 and the Sallahs and many others in those days of Malcom X park ) at the =20 Diplomat and Envoy towers=2E He even had some in the group edit some chapters =2E May his soul rest in peace Habib -----Original Message----- From: kolls567@qatar=2Enet=2Eqa Sent: Sunday, September 07, 1997 12:26 PM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Heidi, Gor-Jiggen ,as you may already know ,is a compound noun that literally =20 means Man-Woman,referring to a person who has male physical features but =20 behaves ,reacts,dresses and feels or pretends to feel like a woman=2E We sometimes loosely use this same word on a person who even though is a =20 man but due Hormonal imbalance(has more female hormone)becomes a little bit feminine(effeminate) in his features eg=2E face,voice,bottom etc=2EThis type,like in all societies,is common in the Gambia=2E As for the first type that dresses like and tends to have only women =20 friends, that is much more common in Senegal than Gambia=2EThey are neither ethnic specific nor have they a cultural function that remotely resembles the role played by the Kanyelengoes in the Gambia(The cultural =20 role of the Kanyelengoes is to perform Rituals for women having problems =20 getting pregnant after marriage or pray for Twins so that the Gods would not take away one of them that they may consider as an unnecessary duplication)=2EAnd even though I have not done any research on this phenomenon,I would like to posit nonetheless that most of the young men who adopt such a lifestyle are driven to it by the failure of their =20 bringing up or family environment to sufficiently inculcate the Gender Roles and Expectations that are so unambiguously clear-cut in the African Pedagogy=2E= =20 Yes,most of these Gor-Jiggens in Senegal belatedly learn their gender =20 roles and eventually get married to 'lower class' women or outsiders and have families=2EAnd the few that are either impotent or fail to recover from the confusion as to their sexuality spend the rest of their lives =20 either as masters of ceremonies or clowns or match makers(metlangoes) or all of =20 them=2E Regards Bassss! ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 15:24:43 +0100 (BST) From: J GAYE <J.Gaye@Bradford.ac.uk> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970908152435.17095D-100000@harrier.cen.brad.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII On Mon, 8 Sep 1997 hghanim@nusacc.org wrote: > Bassss > You definitely educated me on this subject. Is Heidi writing a book on > this matter . I understand there is a book by Geoffrey Gorer called > AFRICA DANCES . If you can get a hold of it you will have a detailed > version of the Kanyelengoes in the Foni and Casamance regions. > Heidi if you are writing a novel please try to give some of the proceeds > to the GambiaL or the people who helped you put it together and try to > portray it as fairly as possible. > Alex Haley promised us a lot when he wrote ROOTS but hardly delivered > anything financial . We give him credit for literally putting Gambia on > the world 's known countries and with the African American communities. I > remember all of us at 16 th in DC sat with him ( Omar Sey ,Buck-Dr Nyang > and the Sallahs and many others in those days of Malcom X park ) at the > Diplomat and Envoy towers. > He even had some in the group edit some chapters . > May his soul rest in peace > Habib > -----Original Message----- > From: kolls567@qatar.net.qa > Sent: Sunday, September 07, 1997 12:26 PM > To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu > Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- > -- > Heidi, > Gor-Jiggen ,as you may already know ,is a compound noun that literally > means > Man-Woman,referring to a person who has male physical features but > behaves > ,reacts,dresses and feels or pretends to feel like a woman. > > We sometimes loosely use this same word on a person who even though is a > man > but due Hormonal imbalance(has more female hormone)becomes a little bit > feminine(effeminate) in his features eg. face,voice,bottom etc.This > type,like in all societies,is common in the Gambia. > > As for the first type that dresses like and tends to have only women > friends, > that is much more common in Senegal than Gambia.They are neither ethnic > specific nor have they a cultural function that remotely > resembles the role played by the Kanyelengoes in the Gambia(The cultural > role > of the Kanyelengoes is to perform Rituals for women having problems > getting > pregnant after marriage or pray for Twins so that the Gods would > not take away one of them that they may consider as an unnecessary > duplication).And even though I have not done any research on this > phenomenon,I would like to posit nonetheless that most of the young men > who adopt such a lifestyle are driven to it by the failure of their > bringing > up or family environment to sufficiently inculcate the Gender Roles and > Expectations that are so unambiguously clear-cut in the African Pedagogy. > > > Yes,most of these Gor-Jiggens in Senegal belatedly learn their gender > roles > and eventually get married to 'lower class' women or outsiders and have > families.And the few that are either impotent or fail to recover > from the confusion as to their sexuality spend the rest of their lives > either > as masters of ceremonies or clowns or match makers(metlangoes) or all of > them. > > Regards Bassss! > > > > > ************************************** > National U.S.-Arab Chamber of Commerce > 1100 New York Avenue, N.W. > Suite 550 East Tower > Washington, D.C. 20005 > Voice: (202) 289-5920 > Fax: (202) 289-5938 > ************************************** > > ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 16:37:29 GMT+1 From: "Heidi Skramstad" <heidis@amadeus.cmi.no> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <67F40CC3309@amadeus.cmi.no> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Habib, > Bassss > You definitely educated me on this subject. Basss gave a very interesting presentation of the various meanings of gor-jiggen in the Senegambia. Is Heidi writing a book on > this matter . I understand there is a book by Geoffrey Gorer called > AFRICA DANCES . If you can get a hold of it you will have a detailed > version of the Kanyelengoes in the Foni and Casamance regions. Thanks for the reference, I am sure it will be helpful in my research > Heidi if you are writing a novel please try to give some of the proceeds > to the GambiaL or the people who helped you put it together and try to > portray it as fairly as possible. I am writing a Ph.D about family planning in urban areas in the Gambia. I presented myself and my project to members of the list when I became a member, and will not bore everybody by repeating it. I consider all attempts to increase family size or child survival as part of family planning (as well as trying to reduce it, child fostering and flow of money between family units). Kanyaleng membership is thus one of these ways to try to increase fertility or chances that a child may survive. My writings about Kanyalengs are primarily based on studies of one group of Kanyalengs in Bakau, and is thus representing an urban kind of Kanyaleng, which as far as I have undrestood more resembles Kanyalengs in Dakar, than the Foni/Cassamance type. My interests in gor-jiggen is of a different, more theoretical type, because it helps to explore limits of gender categories. In The Gambia I came across a woman people talked about as gor-jiggen (different from the Senegalese more transvestite/transsexual-like men(?)) and I tried to figure out what were the aspects of maleness in her behaviour. Apart from wearing throusers, smoking, walking about, staying unmarried etc., I believe her autonomy and refusal to conform to female tasks made people talk about her in that way. > Alex Haley promised us a lot when he wrote ROOTS but hardly delivered > anything financial . I am afraid that nobody will gain much financially from this project. What is between me and those who help me, is not a public matter. Only fools display their generousity publicly. I appreciate if somebody wants to read chapters of my thesis to help me/or make sure that it is sober enough....., but I have nothing financial to "deliver" for the job, only gratitude. Regards Heidi Skramstad ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 15:36:59 +0100 (BST) From: J GAYE <J.Gaye@Bradford.ac.uk> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: SINGING OFF! Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970908152745.17095J-100000@harrier.cen.brad.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII It's indeed been a pleasure associating with such a broad spectrum of Gambian intelectuals and other associates. The forum makes very interesting discussions and they have helped to keep us in touch with events back home. Time has come for me to say good bye after completing my programme of study. I am leaving for the motherland and I hope to see some of you back or associate with you in whatever capacity in the future. I would be working at the Ministry of Education, with Nyakassi, and would be very please to contribute in any way possible to the projects of this forum, notably the education project. Once again, I thank you all. God bless you all! BYE! Jawara Gaye ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 08 Sep 1997 11:11:26 -0700 From: Lamin Camara <masada@octonline.com> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Trying to locate a relative! Message-ID: <34143FCE.6651A17B@octonline.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------9ECFDDF16DBC58A3F99729F0" --------------9ECFDDF16DBC58A3F99729F0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Greetings Gambia-l: I am trying to locate a relative of mine, by the name of Mamina Sonko. He lives somewhere in North Carolina. By chance, does anyone know him? If anyone does, I will greatly appreciate it if you could please inform him; I would like to get in touch.... My residential telephone number is: (416)244-5585; res. fax: (416)244-0875. Thanks in advance, Lamin Camara (Toronto) --------------9ECFDDF16DBC58A3F99729F0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit <HTML> Greetings Gambia-l: <P>I am trying to locate a relative of mine, by the name of <B>Mamina Sonko</B>. He lives somewhere in <B>North Carolina</B>. By chance, does anyone know him? If anyone does, I will greatly appreciate it if you could please inform him; I would like to get in touch.... My residential telephone number is: <B>(416)244-5585; res. fax: (416)244-0875.</B> <P>Thanks in advance, <P>Lamin Camara (Toronto) <BR>  <BR> </HTML> --------------9ECFDDF16DBC58A3F99729F0-- ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 11:43:22 -0400 (EDT) From: ASJanneh@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <970908113823_907722171@emout13.mail.aol.com> Gambia-l: Why should any one expect payment for providing basic information to a colleague engaged in dissertation research? Amadou Scattred Janneh ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 08 Sep 1997 11:49:19 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: SAHEL Message-ID: <34141E7F.AB266E4B@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sent by narb@commit.gm (National Agricultural Research Board) > via Commit > > Mr. Ghanim, > > A point of correction! Mr. Sambou Kinteh is not the Secretary of State > for Agriculture. He is the Permanent Secretary at the Department of > State for Agriculture. The Secretary of State for Agriculture is Mr. > Musa Mbenga. > > This is for the information of all those who have read Mr. Ghanim's > piece on the CILLS summit. > > Dr. Jeng Abdou Gibba wrote: > > Dr. Jeng! > > THANKS FOR THE CORRECTION. AM SURE MANY WERE BEGINNING TO GET > CONFUSED. I should apologize to Mr. Ghanim and all for I was the one who posted the original message naming Mr. Kinteh as Secretary of State. This was based on the report I read from PANA that reads as follows: "At that summit, the Gambian President, Yahya Jammeh, will assume the chairmanship of the organisation for the next three years while the country's Secretary of State for Agriculture, Sambou Kinteh, takes over as Cilss Coordinator minister." Peace. Latir Gheran ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 11:41:56 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: heidis@amadeus.cmi.no, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <TFSJGHHE@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Heidi You honesty really is worth a million=2E Thanks for this kind of research which is educational and beneficial to =20 the society as a whole=2E I appreciate the fact that you are writing your =20= =20 thesis on this subject=2E There is need for more documentaries like this( =20= =20 even though we may not like some of the contents) example -History of the =20= =20 Gambia by Justice J M Gray-) Although you may not want to bring it up in GambiaL you can contact some =20 of us interested to learn more or even help in editing=2E] I agree Alex Haley was too quick to promise financially but could not or =20 would not even build the mosque he originally promised ( I think his =20 brother George the lawyer did it afterwards- correct me if I am wrong =20 anyone!! ) Heidi do not forget to take pictures =2E One picture is worth one thousand=20= =20 words=2E Habib -----Original Message----- From: heidis@amadeus=2Ecmi=2Eno Sent: Monday, September 08, 1997 10:34 AM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Habib, > Bassss > You definitely educated me on this subject=2E Basss gave a very interesting presentation of the various meanings of gor-jiggen in the Senegambia=2E Is Heidi writing a book on > this matter =2E I understand there is a book by Geoffrey Gorer called > AFRICA DANCES =2E If you can get a hold of it you will have a detailed > version of the Kanyelengoes in the Foni and Casamance regions=2E Thanks for the reference, I am sure it will be helpful in my research > Heidi if you are writing a novel please try to give some of the =20 proceeds > to the GambiaL or the people who helped you put it together and try to =20 =20 > portray it as fairly as possible=2E I am writing a Ph=2ED about family planning in urban areas in the Gambia=2E I presented myself and my project to members of the list when I became a member, and will not bore everybody by repeating it=2E I consider all attempts to increase family size or child survival as part of family planning (as well as trying to reduce it, child fostering and flow of money between family units)=2E Kanyaleng membership is thus one of these ways to try to increase fertility or chances that a child may survive=2E My writings about Kanyalengs are primarily based on studies of one group of Kanyalengs in Bakau, and is thus representing an urban kind of Kanyaleng, which as far as I have undrestood more resembles Kanyalengs in Dakar, than the Foni/Cassamance type=2E My interests in gor-jiggen is of a different, more theoretical type, because it helps to explore limits of gender categories=2E In The Gambia I came across a woman people talked about as gor-jiggen (different from the Senegalese more transvestite/transsexual-like men(?)) and I =20 tried to figure out what were the aspects of maleness in her behaviour=2E Apart from wearing throusers, smoking, walking about, staying unmarried etc=2E, I believe her autonomy and refusal to conform to female tasks made people talk about her in that way=2E > Alex Haley promised us a lot when he wrote ROOTS but hardly delivered =20 =20 > anything financial =2E I am afraid that nobody will gain much financially from this project=2E What is between me and those who help me, is not a public matter=2E Only fools display their generousity publicly=2E I appreciate if somebody wants to read chapters of my thesis to help =20 me/or make sure that it is sober enough=2E=2E=2E=2E=2E, but I have nothing financial to "deliver" for the job, only gratitude=2E Regards Heidi Skramstad ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 12:03:53 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: ASJanneh@aol.com, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <TFSJNUCO@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable ASJanneh Because it was promised (unsolicited) for the time and efforts put in by =20 the then poor working Gambian students who met to drink Atayah and the =20 idea was to make it a best seller (which happened anyway) Unlike Heidi ,whom I replied later after she clarified her position, who =20 is a plain researcher, I agree no one should but people usually pay to do =20= =20 research (TIME) not the subject and the use of the GambiaL medium which =20 will definitely contribute to her successful completion of the paper=2E We wish her well and will help free provided it does not consume much =20 time =2E Habib -----Original Message----- From: ASJanneh@aol=2Ecom Sent: Monday, September 08, 1997 11:40 AM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: Re: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Gambia-l: Why should any one expect payment for providing basic information to a colleague engaged in dissertation research? Amadou Scattred Janneh ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 12:07:07 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: latir@earthlink.net, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: SAHEL Message-ID: <TFSJOWUS@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Latir I was just transmitting a PANA report=2E Thanks for the correction =2E Habib -----Original Message----- From: latir@earthlink=2Enet Sent: Monday, September 08, 1997 11:44 AM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: Re: SAHEL --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Sent by narb@commit=2Egm (National Agricultural Research Board) > via Commit > > Mr=2E Ghanim, > > A point of correction! Mr=2E Sambou Kinteh is not the Secretary of State > for Agriculture=2E He is the Permanent Secretary at the Department of > State for Agriculture=2E The Secretary of State for Agriculture is Mr=2E > Musa Mbenga=2E > > This is for the information of all those who have read Mr=2E Ghanim's > piece on the CILLS summit=2E > > Dr=2E Jeng Abdou Gibba wrote: > > Dr=2E Jeng! > > THANKS FOR THE CORRECTION=2E AM SURE MANY WERE BEGINNING TO GET > CONFUSED=2E I should apologize to Mr=2E Ghanim and all for I was the one who posted the original message naming Mr=2E Kinteh as Secretary of State=2E This was based on the report I read from PANA that reads as follows: "At that summit, the Gambian President, Yahya Jammeh, will assume the chairmanship of the organisation for the next three years while the country's Secretary of State for Agriculture, Sambou Kinteh, takes over as Cilss Coordinator minister=2E" Peace=2E Latir Gheran ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 08 Sep 1997 12:20:43 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Gambia in the News (Digest) Message-ID: <341425DB.4B700759@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit The Associated Press reported that James Island was listed by the World Monuments Watch as one of the "100 Most Endangered Sites" ************************** Reuters reports that the Gambia government "criticised members of the Ahmadiyya Moslem sect on Sunday, accusing them of causing public confusion and panic by leaving the country abruptly last week." According to the Reuters report, the departure follows repeated criticism from the Imam of the State House mosque who "dismissed them as unbelievers." The 100+ members who left were mostly Pakistani but the Gambian Ahmadiyya Moslem sect community numbered "more than 30,000 followers, ran two hospitals, one clinic and three secondary schools. The hospitals closed after the departures." ************************* Kyodo reports that while "Iceland, Kyrgyzstan and three more national Olympic committees plan to attend next year's Nagano [Winter] Olympics," countries "such as Laos, El Salvador, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Cameroon" may follow the lead of Cambodia who "withdrew its pledge [in July] to attend the Nagano Games because none of its athletes can fulfill the eligibility requirements of the seven sports to be contested." Latir Gheran ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 20:03:34 +0300 From: BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> To: "'gambia-l@u.washington.edu'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) Message-ID: <01BCBC92.97597280@dihc.qatar.net.qa> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="---- =_NextPart_000_01BCBC92.976A3B60" ------ =_NextPart_000_01BCBC92.976A3B60 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable The Gambia Government should have,given the enormous contributions the = Ahmadiyas have been making healthwise and educationally,told the Imam of = the State House Mosque to STOP propagating Religious Intolerance! Gambia = is supposed to be a Secular Democracy and not a breeding ground for = persecution of the Religious Minorities.So,maybe the Government should = issue a public apology to the Ahmadyas and beg them to come back and at = the same time tell the Imam to Desist from propagating bigotry.FaFa = Jawara never delivered for the Gambian people anything worth = mentioning,but it has to be said that he never allowed anybody to be = terrorised because of his or her belief,and I believe Mr.Jammeh will be = well advised to emulate that tiny but still very invaluable example! Regards Basss!=20 -----Original Message----- From: Latir Downes-Thomas [SMTP:latir@earthlink.net] Sent: 06 IaCIi CaCeai, 1418 07:21 a To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List Subject: Gambia in the News (Digest) The Associated Press reported that James Island was listed by the World Monuments Watch as one of the "100 Most Endangered Sites" ************************** Reuters reports that the Gambia government "criticised members of the Ahmadiyya Moslem sect on Sunday, accusing them of causing public confusion and panic by leaving the country abruptly last week." According to the Reuters report, the departure follows repeated criticism from the Imam of the State House mosque who "dismissed them as unbelievers." The 100+ members who left were mostly Pakistani but the Gambian Ahmadiyya Moslem sect community numbered "more than 30,000 followers, ran two hospitals, one clinic and three secondary schools. The hospitals closed after the departures." ************************* Kyodo reports that while "Iceland, Kyrgyzstan and three more national Olympic committees plan to attend next year's Nagano [Winter] Olympics," countries "such as Laos, El Salvador, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Cameroon" may follow the lead of Cambodia who "withdrew its pledge [in July] to attend the Nagano Games because none of its athletes can fulfill the eligibility requirements of the seven sports to be contested." Latir Gheran ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 13:23:17 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: kolls567@qatar.net.qa, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) Message-ID: <TFSKOWVQ@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Basss, Agreed=2E The State house should not have a church or a mosque=2E Church an= d =20 state must be separated to avoid problems like this=2E Apart from that our religion ISLAM clearly states " LA Ikraha feedeen - =20 there is no compulsion in religion " the Quadianis Even if they are non believers as he claims, it is up to them to decide =20 not the official state house Imam=2E As a regular and peace loving muslim =20= =20 and Gambian I think they should have been left alone but we just teach =20 the differences and let people choose =2E What about Bahai?? Hindus?? Or =20 even local Jalangs?? Please let us not interfere in the religious beliefs of anyone=2E Period This is not what Islam preaches!! Basss rightly says it -TOLERANCE , =20 tolerance , tolerance !!! Ps what will happen to the schools and hospitals?? -----Original Message----- From: kolls567@qatar=2Enet=2Eqa Sent: Monday, September 08, 1997 1:02 PM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: RE: Gambia in the News (Digest) << File: FILE0001=2EATT >> --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- The Gambia Government should have,given the enormous contributions the Ahmadiyas have been making healthwise and educationally,told the Imam of =20 the State House Mosque to STOP propagating Religious Intolerance! Gambia is supposed to be a Secular Democracy and not a breeding ground for persecution of the Religious Minorities=2ESo,maybe the Government should =20 issue a public apology to the Ahmadyas and beg them to come back and at the same time tell the Imam to Desist from propagating bigotry=2EFaFa =20 Jawara never delivered for the Gambian people anything worth mentioning,but it =20 has to be said that he never allowed anybody to be terrorised because of his or her belief,and I believe Mr=2EJammeh will be =20= =20 well advised to emulate that tiny but still very invaluable example! Regards Basss! -----Original Message----- From: Latir Downes-Thomas [SMTP:latir@earthlink=2Enet] Sent: 06 IaCIi CaCeai, 1418 07:21 a To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List Subject: Gambia in the News (Digest) The Associated Press reported that James Island was listed by the World Monuments Watch as one of the "100 Most Endangered Sites" ************************** Reuters reports that the Gambia government "criticised members of the Ahmadiyya Moslem sect on Sunday, accusing them of causing public confusion and panic by leaving the country abruptly last week=2E" According to the Reuters report, the departure follows repeated criticism from the Imam of the State House mosque who "dismissed them as unbelievers=2E" The 100+ members who left were mostly Pakistani but the Gambian Ahmadiyya Moslem sect community numbered "more than 30,000 followers, ran two hospitals, one clinic and three secondary schools=2E The hospitals closed after the departures=2E" ************************* Kyodo reports that while "Iceland, Kyrgyzstan and three more national Olympic committees plan to attend next year's Nagano [Winter] Olympics," countries "such as Laos, El Salvador, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Cameroon" may follow the lead of Cambodia who "withdrew its pledge [in July] to attend the Nagano Games because none of its athletes can fulfill the eligibility requirements of the seven sports to be contested=2E" Latir Gheran ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 20:20:04 +0300 From: BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> To: "'gambia-l@u.washington.edu'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: SINGING OFF! Message-ID: <01BCBCA9.FCA99B80@dday.qatar.net.qa> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="---- =_NextPart_000_01BCBCA9.FCBA6460" ------ =_NextPart_000_01BCBCA9.FCBA6460 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Mr.Gaye! Have a wonderful trip back home, and try to Re-Connect as soon as you = have settled down.The more Gambia-L members we have back home,the = better.I am sure the Education Committee would love to work with = you.So,please, keep up the good work down there! Regards Basss! -----Original Message----- From: J GAYE [SMTP:J.Gaye@Bradford.ac.uk] Sent: 06 IaCIi CaCeai, 1418 05:37 a To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List Subject: RE: SINGING OFF! or associate with you in whatever capacity in the future.=20 I would be working at the Ministry of Education, with Nyakassi, and = would=20 be very please to contribute in any way possible to the projects of this = forum, notably the education project. Once again, I thank you all. God bless you all! BYE! Jawara Gaye ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 21:03:00 -0400 (EDT) From: SANG1220@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: SANG1220@aol.com Subject: Collapsed Building Message-ID: <970908210058_-1333216340@emout09.mail.aol.com> Jabou, that was indeed a pertinent info, did they perform a soil compression test? If they did then it should have been obvious that the ground could not support the building. A soil test (if not yet done) should take place it will help answer a lot of questions. If it turns out that the ground could not support the building, then cement is not the problem. If a foundation goes, the best of cement used will collasped forthwith. Thanks Daddy Sang ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 21:20:31 -0400 (EDT) From: SANG1220@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: SANG1220@aol.com Subject: Religious Tolerance Message-ID: <970908211720_33962677@emout07.mail.aol.com> Bass, you hit it on the nail Gambia has always been a bastion of religiuos tolerance and it should continue so. I too join you in imploring Jammeh to put the breaks on that perhaps exhort the Imam to exercise some humility. Thanks Daddy Sang ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 8 Sep 1997 21:27:57 -0400 (EDT) From: ASJanneh@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: UN Council / Gambia Message-ID: <970908212519_2084373438@emout11.mail.aol.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: multipart/mixed; boundary="PART.BOUNDARY.0.11897.emout11.mail.aol.com.873768318" --PART.BOUNDARY.0.11897.emout11.mail.aol.com.873768318 Content-ID: <0_11897_873768319@emout11.mail.aol.com.13115> Content-type: text/plain from Amadou Salaam! --PART.BOUNDARY.0.11897.emout11.mail.aol.com.873768318 Content-ID: <0_11897_873768319@emout11.mail.aol.com.13116> Content-type: text/plain; name="GAMUN" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable By Anthony Goodman = =0D UNITED NATIONS, Sept 8 (Reuter) - Bahrain, Brazil, Gabon and Gambia are e= xpected to begin two-year terms on the Security Council from Jan. 1, 1998= , diplomats said on Monday. = =0D They are either the unopposed or front-running candidates of their respec= tive regional groups, making their election by the General Assembly virtu= ally certain. = =0D Three countries -- Belarus, Macedonia and Slovenia -- are vying for a fif= th council seat, reserved for a member of the East European group. = =0D This year's Assembly session opens on Sept. 16. Voting to choose new Secu= rity Council members is expected to take place in late October. = =0D Brazil has served seven previous terms on the council, most recently in 1= 993-94. Gabon has been a council member only once before, in 1978-79. Nei= ther Bahrain nor Gambia has previously had a council seat. = =0D The five countries leaving the 15-nation council at the end of this year = are Chile, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Poland and South Korea. = =0D Five other non-permanent members of the council whose two-year terms expi= re at the end of 1998 are Costa Rica, Japan, Kenya, Portugal and Sweden. = =0D The five permanent members, each with veto power, are the United States, = Russia, Britain, China and France. = =0D Expansion of the Security Council, the U.N. body responsible for internat= ional peace and security, will be among a number of reforms to be discuss= ed at the forthcoming Assembly. = =0D Despite several years of discussion, agreement has proved elusive on how = many new members should be added to the council; how many of them should = be given permanent seats; and whether new permanent members should also h= ave a veto. = =0D Many countries, including the United States, favor making Germany and Jap= an permanent council members, in recognition of their economic standing, = contributions to the U.N. budget and growing role in U.N. peacekeeping. = =0D There is wide, but not universal, agreement on adding a permanent seat ea= ch for the developing states of Asia, Africa and Latin America, but not o= n how those seats should be allotted. = =0D Options include providing a permanent seat for a single power in each reg= ion or rotating the seats among several countries in each region. = =0D There is also no definitive agreement on how many non-permanent seats sho= uld be added to the council. = =0D A number of U.N. members oppose making the council too large, saying this= would reduce its effectiveness. = =0D The United States has said it favors a total of 20 or 21 members, meaning= adding only five or six new seats to the present complement of 15. = =0D Any reform of the Security Council would involve amending the U.N. Charte= r. That requires a two-thirds majority in the 185-member Assembly and rat= ification by the parliaments or similar bodies of two-thirds of the U.N. = membership, including the five current permanent members. = =0D A Charter amendment approved by the Assembly in December 1963 to increase= the size of the Security Council from 11 members to 15 went into force i= n August 1965. = =0D 16:01 09-08-97 =0D --PART.BOUNDARY.0.11897.emout11.mail.aol.com.873768318-- ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 02:19:40 -0400 (EDT) From: Gabriel Ndow <gndow@Spelman.EDU> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: gastech survey (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.970909021848.1386A-100000@acc5> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 09 Sep 1997 02:09:20 -0700 From: latjor ndow <ndukuman@avana.net> To: gndow@spelman.edu Subject: gastech survey Greetings: I would greatly appreciate it if members of this list who are involved in areas of science and technology could take a few minutes of their time to respond to this survey. It will aid us (GASTECH,INC) in fulfilling one of our objectives: 'to identify the various scientific and technical disciplines Gambians are involved in so as to have a better estimate of their numbers for statistical and other matters relevant to the progress and development of Gambia.' Please send your response to my address: gndow@spelman.edu Thanking you in advance, LatJor ============================ ++++++++++++++++++++++ GASTECH,INC. is a non-profit organization whose mission is to: 1) act as a catalyst for the tranference of technology to The Gambia; 2) promote science education in The Gambia; ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1. What sci/tech discipline(s) are you involved in? 2. What is your educational background? 3. If you are a student, what is your current classification? 4. If you are a working professional in your discipline, what is your job title? 5. How many years have you been working in this area? 6. Do you have other sci/tech know-how not necessarily related to your job/major? 7. Do you know of any other Gambians involved in sci/tech disciplines? If yes, could you furnish us with their info/contact address/e-mail? 8. Please add any other info you deem relevant to our mission. 9. Would you be interested in joining our organization? 10. Again Thank You. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 08:45:09 +0200 From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> To: "'Gambia-L'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Gambia at the winter Olympic - and a test Message-ID: <9B236DF9AF96CF11A5C94044F321903110110D@dkdifs02.dif.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="---- =_NextPart_000_01BCBCFC.AFDA21A0" This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. ------ =_NextPart_000_01BCBCFC.AFDA21A0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Friends, for a long time I have been without connection to the llist, due to severe computor-problems, which are not totally restored. This = is a test if I=B4m on to the list again. I=B4m glad to hear that the Gambian Olympic Comittee has "withdrew its pledge[in July] to attend the Nagano Games because none of its = athletes can fulfill the eligibility requirements of the seven sports to be contested." When we got the news that they should participate I asked this list, if there were any gambian, home or abroad, who could do this very specific sports on a skilled level. Because just going to Japan is so expensive, that I think the money was better spend on youth-sports-for -all-programmes in The Gambia.=20 Well decided of the Gambia OL-committee, I think. Asbj=F8rn Nordam ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 11:18:46 +0200 From: "Momodou S Sidibeh" <momodou.sidibeh@stockholm.mail.telia.com> To: <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: SV: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <199709090919.LAA14913@d1o2.telia.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Elakeh, It was interesting and informative to read about gorr-jiggen. It seems though that you have missed an aspect or two on the cultural role of the Kanjelengo. You wrote: >The cultural role of the Kanyelengoes is to perform Rituals for women having problems getting pregnant >after marriage or pray for Twins so that the Gods would not take away one of them that they may consider >as an unnecessary duplication. One important role is that of mothers who upon losing a succession of children in very early age, assume the status of kanjelengo. The next surviving child is then, as a consequence, given a "kanjeleng-specific" middle name alluding to the mother's social character. (The middle names usually dwarf the first name in popularity, in many cases). Another interesting role is the "usurpation" of the lead role (song, dance, discussions, etc) in almost all social activities where the women are centrally involved. These are very common among the KARONINGKOLU. Regards, Momodou. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 09 Sep 1997 06:29:02 -0400 From: SAMBA NJIE <snjie@gis.net> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: subscription Message-ID: <341524EE.4128@gis.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit List managers, Please subscribe the following to the list: Michael Gomez - mbg@guinness.som.cwru Bubacarr Jallow - sireh@aol.com Thanks, Samba ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 13:57:18 +0300 From: BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> To: "'gambia-l@u.washington.edu'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <01BCBD28.55642820@dien.qatar.net.qa> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="---- =_NextPart_000_01BCBD28.556D4FE0" ------ =_NextPart_000_01BCBD28.556D4FE0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Thanks,Mr. Sidibebeh,for the supplement and keep up the good work down there! Regards Basss! -----Original Message----- From: Momodou S Sidibeh [SMTP:momodou.sidibeh@stockholm.mail.telia.com] Sent: 07 IaCIi CaCeai, 1418 12:19 a To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List Subject: SV: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Elakeh, It was interesting and informative to read about gorr-jiggen. It seems though that you have missed an aspect or two on the cultural role of the Kanjelengo. You wrote: >The cultural role of the Kanyelengoes is to perform Rituals for women having problems getting pregnant >after marriage or pray for Twins so that the Gods would not take away one of them that they may consider >as an unnecessary duplication. One important role is that of mothers who upon losing a succession of children in very early age, assume the status of kanjelengo. The next surviving child is then, as a consequence, given a "kanjeleng-specific" middle name alluding to the mother's social character. (The middle names usually dwarf the first name in popularity, in many cases). Another interesting role is the "usurpation" of the lead role (song, dance, discussions, etc) in almost all social activities where the women are centrally involved. These are very common among the KARONINGKOLU. Regards, Momodou. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 11:29:49 -0400 (EDT) From: mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Gambia at the winter Olympic - and a test Message-ID: <9709091529.AA39244@st6000.sct.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Absjorn, you wrote: > I am glad to hear that the Gambian Olympic Comittee has "withdrew its > pledge[in July] to attend the Nagano Games because none of its > athletes > can fulfill the eligibility requirements of the seven sports to be > contested." > When we got the news that they should participate I asked this list, if > there were any gambian, home or abroad, who could do this very specific > sports on a skilled level. Because just going to Japan is so expensive, > that I think the money was better spend on youth-sports-for > -all-programmes in The Gambia. Absjorn, let's not forget the 1988 Winter Olympic Games, when the Jamaican 2-man Bobsled team (White and Stokes??) shocked the world by posting the seventh fastest starting time. Infact, the legend of the Jamaican Bobsled team formed the climax of the very "cool" movie COOL RUNNINGS which was based on the story of the 1988 team. The events that followed the Olympics had far reaching implications in the sport and Jamaica than ever imagined. Despite their status of being underdogs, the team completely captured the imagination of the Olympic world. Jamaican T-shirts, caps pins etc. were the fastest selling of the games and generated more business than any other merchandise. Also, in the national pin trading, the Jamaican pin was worth more than five pins of other more established Winter Olympic nations like the USA and Canada. After the 1988 games, the team's popularity in Europe, North America and Japan was phenomenal. Letters poured in from all over the world and numerous invitations to personal appearances, press conferences, sporting events and the like were common. This is just to show you that it is indeed possible to make a turn-around for the good of all. All the same, though, I agree that the money could be spent elsewhere for now. Regards, Moe S. Jallow ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 11:43:03 -0400 (EDT) From: mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Need info. Message-ID: <9709091543.AA37250@st6000.sct.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit I would like to know if any members have the address and/or phone number of the newly established Islamic development bank in the Gambia. If you do, kindly send me the info at my personal e-mail address below. Thank you. Regards, Moe S. Jallow ========================================================================= mjallow@sct.edu mjallow@hayes.com ========================================================================= ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 18:17:37 +0200 From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> To: "'gambia-l@u.washington.edu'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: SV: Gambia at the winter Olympic - Message-ID: <9B236DF9AF96CF11A5C94044F3219031101114@dkdifs02.dif.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable > Moe S. Jallow wrote:=20 > >the Jamaican 2-man Bobsled team (White and Stokes??) shocked the > >world by posting the seventh fastest starting time. Infact, the > legend of >the Jamaican Bobsled team formed the climax of the very > "cool" movie >COOL RUNNINGS which was based on the story of the 1988 > team. After >the 1988 games, the team's popularity in Europe, North > America and >Japan was phenomenal. Letters poured in from all over = the > world and >numerous invitations to personal appearances, press > conferences, >sporting events and the like were common. This is just > to show you that >it is indeed possible to make a turn-around for the > good of all. All the >same, though, I agree that the money could be > spent elsewhere for now. >=20 > I fully agree, this is one of the allways amazing stories and > legend-making that happen in sport. But I would like to see if they > had ever found the money to build a bobsled-facility in Jamaica and > keep it with ice for practising. Or hundreds of jamaican youth got > inspired to join the sport ! Well I think that many of the > OL-winter-sports-events are not created to get so many participating > countries. A lot of them need speciels facilities, which are very, > very costy to build and run. But many of you gambians living in > Canada, USA, Europe, Japan, could maybe start to practice !!!. I > should be a very happy cheerleader when the first gambian > ice-hockey-team ever joined a tournament (couldn=B4t you form a team = in > Seatle,Oslo or Stockholm?), or some of you did ski-jumping, > ice-figure-skating, or what else. Why not ? But right now, when it > comes to spend money on sports, I really do hope that "sports for > all"-programmes in schools and clubs has high priority. Let=B4s get a > lot of children and youth playing, train and pratice, and let=B4s see > the most talented participate for The Gambia in the next olympic > summer games in Australia (2000) and Greece (2004). I had to finish > now. I=B4m leaving for Copenhagen. Tomorrow night the danish national > football-team will play a very, very, very serious and important game > agains Croatia. And as usual - I got to be there. Asbj=F8rn Nordam >=20 >=20 ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 19:40:15 +0300 From: BASSIROU DODOU DRAMMEH <kolls567@qatar.net.qa> To: "'gambia-l@u.washington.edu'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: Need info. Message-ID: <01BCBD58.5A66F5C0@dile.qatar.net.qa> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="---- =_NextPart_000_01BCBD58.5A80E660" ------ =_NextPart_000_01BCBD58.5A80E660 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Mr.Jallow! Here you are: Arab Gambian Islamic Bank Ltd. 7 Ecowas Ave., Box 1415,Banjul TEL: 22 22 22 FX: 22 37 70 Regards Basss! -----Original Message----- From: Modou Jallow [SMTP:mjallow@st6000.sct.edu] Sent: 07 IaCIi CaCeai, 1418 06:43 a To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List Subject: Need info. I would like to know if any members have the address and/or phone number of the newly established Islamic development bank in the Gambia. If you do, kindly send me the info at my personal e-mail address below. Thank you. Regards, Moe S. Jallow ========================================================================= mjallow@sct.edu mjallow@hayes.com ========================================================================= ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 12:58:55 -0400 (EDT) From: mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Need info. Message-ID: <9709091658.AA31464@st6000.sct.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Bass, Thank you for your efforts. I really appreciate the help. Regards, Moe S. Jallow ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 09 Sep 1997 11:51:58 PDT From: "Jainaba Diallo" <jai_diallo@hotmail.com> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Fwd: So Haley's Roots Was a Fabrication!! Message-ID: <19970909185158.2171.qmail@hotmail.com> Content-Type: text/plain Netters, I find this article very interesting !!!! I reserve my comments. Cheerio, Jainaba. >Date: Sun, 07 Sep 1997 09:31:17 -0400 >Subject: THE SUNDAY TIMES: FOREIGN NEWS American TV boycotts expos of >Haley's Roots > > American TV boycotts expos of Haley's Roots > > by John Harlow > Arts Correspondent > > > AMERICAN television networks are boycotting > a BBC documentary exposing the extent to > which Alex Haley falsified his family > history in his best-selling book, Roots. > > Network executives admit they are worried > that the programme, which will be broadcast > in Britain next weekend as part of the > Bookworm series, could cause racial tension > especially in the Deep South where Haley, > who died five years ago, is most revered. > > Roots was billed as the true story of > Haley's family, traced back six generations > to a west African called Kunta Kinte who was > captured by slave traders in The Gambia and > sold to American plantation owners. It was a > cultural phenomenon when it appeared in 1976 > and earned Haley 200 literary prizes, > the friendship of President Jimmy Carter > and the gratitude of black America. > Within a year, however, doubts started > surfacing. > > In 1977 The Sunday Times tracked down a folk > historian in The Gambia who had been a > crucial source for Haley. The investigation > exposed both men as deeply unreliable. Other > revelations about Haley's occasionally > slipshod research followed. > > The Bookworm programme suggests that Haley > not only made mistakes but deliberately > falsified his own records for dramatic > effect. > > Philip Nobile, a writer who has spent years > cross-checking the sources in Roots, regards > Haley as a shameless hoaxer: "Virtually > every fact in the closing critical pages of > Roots is false. Nobody would have challenged > this book if it had been classified as > fiction, but Haley defrauded the very people > he claimed he was championing." > > Academics in the field of pan-African > studies, where Roots is an essential > textbook, reluctantly agree. "We have > accepted we must honour the spirit rather > than the letter of Roots, but to have it > systematically demolished would only play > into the hands of white supremicists," said > a teacher at Tennessee University, where the > records of Haley's 10-year search for his > ancestors are stored. > > The Haley family rejects all claims against > the author, suggesting the evidence is > "trivial and malicious". But Henrik Clarke, > a veteran black historian, told Bookworm: > "As a people short of heroes, we sometimes > take the best we can get and sometimes we > exaggerate them into something a little bit > better than they deserve to be." > >______________________________________________________ > Copyright 1997 The Times Newspapers Limited. To > inquire about rights to reproduce material from > The Sunday Times, please visit the Syndication > website ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 15:30:12 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: jai_diallo@hotmail.com, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: So Haley's Roots Was a Fabrication! Message-ID: <TFSMGFEG@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Jainaba, I also reserve my opinion but I think basically his narration is true but =20= =20 some details no one can replay because there were no videos or tape =20 recorders=2E Let us give him some benefit of doubt Habib ps Speaking only for my self and personally also -----Original Message----- From: jai_diallo@hotmail=2Ecom Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 1997 2:53 PM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: Fwd: So Haley's Roots Was a Fabrication! --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Netters, I find this article very interesting !!!! I reserve my comments=2E Cheerio, Jainaba=2E >Date: Sun, 07 Sep 1997 09:31:17 -0400 >Subject: THE SUNDAY TIMES: FOREIGN NEWS American TV boycotts expos of >Haley's Roots > > American TV boycotts expos of Haley's Roots > > by John Harlow > Arts Correspondent > > > AMERICAN television networks are boycotting > a BBC documentary exposing the extent to > which Alex Haley falsified his family > history in his best-selling book, Roots=2E > > Network executives admit they are worried > that the programme, which will be broadcast > in Britain next weekend as part of the > Bookworm series, could cause racial tension > especially in the Deep South where Haley, > who died five years ago, is most revered=2E > > Roots was billed as the true story of > Haley's family, traced back six generations > to a west African called Kunta Kinte who was > captured by slave traders in The Gambia and > sold to American plantation owners=2E It was a > cultural phenomenon when it appeared in 1976 > and earned Haley 200 literary prizes, > the friendship of President Jimmy Carter > and the gratitude of black America=2E > Within a year, however, doubts started > surfacing=2E > > In 1977 The Sunday Times tracked down a folk > historian in The Gambia who had been a > crucial source for Haley=2E The investigation > exposed both men as deeply unreliable=2E Other > revelations about Haley's occasionally > slipshod research followed=2E > > The Bookworm programme suggests that Haley > not only made mistakes but deliberately > falsified his own records for dramatic > effect=2E > > Philip Nobile, a writer who has spent years > cross-checking the sources in Roots, regards > Haley as a shameless hoaxer: "Virtually > every fact in the closing critical pages of > Roots is false=2E Nobody would have challenged > this book if it had been classified as > fiction, but Haley defrauded the very people > he claimed he was championing=2E" > > Academics in the field of pan-African > studies, where Roots is an essential > textbook, reluctantly agree=2E "We have > accepted we must honour the spirit rather > than the letter of Roots, but to have it > systematically demolished would only play > into the hands of white supremicists," said > a teacher at Tennessee University, where the > records of Haley's 10-year search for his > ancestors are stored=2E > > The Haley family rejects all claims against > the author, suggesting the evidence is > "trivial and malicious"=2E But Henrik Clarke, > a veteran black historian, told Bookworm: > "As a people short of heroes, we sometimes > take the best we can get and sometimes we > exaggerate them into something a little bit > better than they deserve to be=2E" > >______________________________________________________ > Copyright 1997 The Times Newspapers Limited=2E To > inquire about rights to reproduce material from > The Sunday Times, please visit the Syndication > website ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www=2Ehotmail=2Ecom ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 16:03:20 -0400 (EDT) From: Gabriel Ndow <gndow@Spelman.EDU> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: grants for women (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.970909160047.5846A-100000@acc5> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Greetings: Below is info on a grant for the sisters. I downloaded the info from the gambian embassy website. LatJor ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 09 Sep 1997 14:19:36 -0700 From: latjor ndow <ndukuman@avana.net> To: gndow@spelman.edu Subject: grants for women 1998 GRANTS FOR WOMEN FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund was established in 1981 to honor the late Margaret McNamara and her commitment to the well-being of women and children in developing countries. The purpose of the grant is to support the education of women and children in their home countries. Previous grant recipents were studying in fields such as agriculture, architechture and urban planning, civil enginneering, education, forestry, journalism, nursing, nutrition, pediatrics, public adminstration, public health, social sciences and social work. The MMMF awards five grants of about $6,000 each year, they are not renewable. Requests for application forms for the 1998/99 academic year will be accepted from September 1997 until January 15, 1998. The deadline for completed applications is Febuary 2, 1998. The MMMF will announce the recipents about April 15, 1998. Eligibility: The MMMF invites women who meet the following criteria to apply. She has a record of service to women and/or children in her country. She plans to return to her country in about two years. She can demonstrate financial need. She is enrolled in an accredited educational institution in the U.S. by September 1997 and during the entire period covered by the grant. She is a national of a developing country* residing in the U.S., but not a permanent resident (green card holder). She is at least 25 years old by December 31, 1997 (born before 1973). She is not related to any World Bank Group staff member or his/her spouse. Applications must be requested in writing from The Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund 1818 H Street, NW, Room G-1000 Washington, DC 20433 *Nationals of The Gambia are eligible for MMMF grants. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 22:32:22 +0200 From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: New Members Message-ID: <19970909203242.AAA45396@LOCALNAME> Bubacarr Jallow and Michael Gomez have been added to the list. We welcome them to Gambia-l and look forward to their contributions. Baboucarr and Michael, please send a brief introduction of yourselves to: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Regards Momodou Camara ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 22:44:30 +0200 From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Gambia government criticises Moslem sect Organization Message-ID: <19970909204453.AAA14460@LOCALNAME> From: C-reuters@clari.net (Reuters) Newsgroups: clari.world.africa.western,clari.news.religion,biz.clarinet.sample Subject: Gambia government criticises Moslem sect Organization: Copyright 1997 by Reuters Message-ID: <Rgambia-ahmadiyyaURpCi_7S7@clari.net> Lines: 43 Date: Sun, 7 Sep 1997 17:22:05 PDT Expires: Sun, 14 Sep 1997 15:20:07 BANJUL, Gambia (Reuter) - The Gambian government criticized members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim sect Sunday, accusing them of causing public confusion and panic by leaving the country abruptly last week. The Department of Religious Affairs said that more than 100 non-Gambian Ahmadiyya who left the country Wednesday did not inform the government of their planned departure. A statement from the department accused the community, whose hospitals and schools play an important role in the tiny and impoverished West African nation, of showing ``arrogance.'' The departures, mostly of Pakistani nationals, followed repeated criticism of the community from the imam of the state house mosque, where President Yahya Jammeh worships. The imam repeatedly dismissed them as unbelievers. The community, which has more than 30,000 followers, ran two hospitals, one clinic and three secondary schools. The hospitals closed after the departures. The unorthodox Muslim sect was founded in India in 1889 by a mystic drawing inspiration and claiming legitimacy from Islamic and Christian prophesy and Hindu teaching. Ahmadiyya communities live in several West African countries. -=-=- Want to tell us what you think about the ClariNews? Please feel free to <<email us your comments>> <comments@clari.net>. -=-=- ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 09 Sep 1997 20:04:19 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Gambia at the winter Olympic - and a test Message-ID: <3415E403.14E23F4C@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Asbj=F8rn Nordam wrote: > I=B4m glad to hear that the Gambian Olympic Comittee has "withdrew its > pledge[in July] to attend the Nagano Games because none of its > athletes > can fulfill the eligibility requirements of the seven sports to be > contested." Just a point of correction: Gambia has not yet withdrawn its pledge. Cambodia did and it is believed that countries "such as Laos, El Salvador, Gambia, = Guinea-Bissau and Cameroon" may follow suit. Peace. Latir Gheran ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 09 Sep 1997 20:32:46 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Gambia in the News (Digest) Message-ID: <3415EAAE.23249A48@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit The Gambian Ambassador to the United States, Mr. Crispin Grey-Johnson was one of 12 to present his credentials yesterday, September 8, 1997, to President Clinton in Washington D.C. The others were the ambassadors from Suriname, Lebanon, Mauritania, Jordan, Eritrea, Yemen, Argentina, El Salvador, Ecuador, Ireland and Sweden. (Source: UPI) Reuters reported today that "Gambian millionaire", Foutanga Dit Babani Sissoko, is going to jail. According to the news piece, District Judge Michael Moore ruled yesterday that Sissoko "was not protected by diplomatic immunity when he tried to bribe a customs officer." The Reuters piece also stated that in his ruling, the judge said "the Gambian government had not properly informed the U.S. government of Sissoko's status and the State Department had never authorized it." Sissoko's was "sentenced to four months in jail and four months of house arrest" and now "he must serve a remaining 41 days in prison." Latir Gheran ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 23:37:53 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <970909233600_1145945164@emout05.mail.aol.com> Habib, Yeah, a lot of us worked with Alex Haley when he was doing his research. He visited and talked in length with Lena Manga and myself. We were quite surprised when "ROOTS" came out and we found that one of the female characters on the slave ship was called Jabou Manga. l often joked that l would sue him for royalties on behalf of Lena and myself, although he treated us to some first class dinners when he was digging for info. Jabou ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 10 Sep 97 10:08:22 +0000 From: FCJALLOW.MRCLABS@gam.healthnet.org To: Gambia-l@U.WASHINGTON.EDU Subject: signing off Message-ID: AE15FF31@222:5788/0.91 Received: (from fnet@localhost) by f0.n5788.z222.healthnet.org (8.8.4/8.7) id MAA05645 for Gambia-l%U.WASHINGTON.EDU@f99.n1200.z222.healthnet.ftn; Wed, 10 Sep 1997 12:30:15 GMT Received: from p91.f0.n5788.z222.healthnet.ftn by f0.n5788.z222.healthnet.ftn with FTN (ifmail v.2.11) id AA5576; Wed, 10 Sep 97 12:30:15 +0000 Hello Guys, I would at this point like to unsubscribe from your mailing list until further notice. Thank you Fatim ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 9:25:07 -0500 From: hghanim@nusacc.org To: Gunjur@aol.com, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA Message-ID: <TFSHLOYC@nusacc.org> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Jarbou Hallelujah I thought we were not alone in his information search( which is OK but =20 not the false promises to the people of the Gambia especially Juffure and =20= =20 Albreda is what many objected to) Regardless he did an excellent piece of work in my opinion=2E The love of our country made us all help him without any reservations =20 which I am sure we all do not regret=2E I remember Gaira Lamin and his wife were in Philadelphia in those days =2E=20= =20 Sorry I confused you with that Jabou=2E Habib -----Original Message----- From: Gunjur@aol=2Ecom Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 1997 11:34 PM To: gambia-l@u=2Ewashington=2Eedu Subject: RE: GORR-JIGGEN IN SENEGAMBIA --------------------------------------------------------------------------= =20 -- Habib, Yeah, a lot of us worked with Alex Haley when he was doing his research=2E=20= =20 He visited and talked in length with Lena Manga and myself=2E We were quite surprised when "ROOTS" came out and we found that one of the female characters on the slave ship was called Jabou Manga=2E l often joked that l would sue him for royalties on behalf of Lena and myself, although he =20 treated us to some first class dinners when he was digging for info=2E Jabou ************************************** National U=2ES=2E-Arab Chamber of Commerce 1100 New York Avenue, N=2EW=2E Suite 550 East Tower Washington, D=2EC=2E 20005 Voice: (202) 289-5920 Fax: (202) 289-5938 ************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 15:36:26 -0400 (EDT) From: "N'Deye Marie N'Jie" <njie.1@osu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu, africans@iastate.edu Subject: African Dissertation Internship Award (fwd) Message-ID: <2.2.16.19970910153231.216fca86@postbox.acs.ohio-state.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" > >> >> For a full description of the competition, application >> requirments, or program components please write to : African >> Dissertation Internship Awards, The Rockefeller Foundation, 420 >> Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018-2702, or visit the Rockefeller >> Foundation website at http://www.rockfound.org. >> >> Ike Agba >> >> ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >> The Rockerfeller Foundation >> African Dissertation Internship Award >> >> >> Application Information and Guidelines 1997-98 >> >> The Rockefeller Foundation is pleased to announce a program of >> competitive awards to enable African doctoral students enrolled in >> universities in the United States and Canada to undertake supervised >> dissertation research in Africa. >> >> Objectives >> >> The goal of the program is to enhance the quality of the overseas >> education received by African graduate students enrolled in >> universities in the United States and Canada, and to maximize its >> relevance to the process of economic development in Africa. The >> program enables African doctoral candidates to return to Africa to >> conduct dissertation research in association with a local university >> or research institution, thereby facilitating the transition to a >> productive professional career upon return to Africa. >> >> Eligibility >> >> The program is open to citizens of sub-Saharan African nations >> enrolled in doctoral programs at universities in the United States >> and Canada. U.S. permanent residents and Canadian landed immigrants >> are not eligible. Priority will be given to research on equitable >> economic development in the areas of agriculture, environment, >> education, health, the humanities, the life sciences, and population. >> Projects must involve field observation or the use of primary sources >> available only in Africa. Students are strongly encouraged to plan to >> be in the field for at least 12 months. The candidate's dissertation >> committee must approve the research proposal prior to submission to >> the Foundation. >> >> The Awards >> >> The applicant must have completed all course work and qualifying >> examinations prior to receiving an award. The applicant is >> responsible for arranging affiliation with an institution in Africa >> able to provide adequate supervision and research support in the >> student's field of study. >> >> The awards are intended to cover the costs of conducting research in >> the field and might include: international travel, living expenses >> in Africa, local transportation, and costs related to research and >> analysis. The maximum award is US$20,000. In addition, the Foundation >> will provide an administrative contribution of US$2,500 to the >> African host institution and funds for one field-site visit by the >> student's faculty adviser. Upon completion of field research, support >> may also be requested to enable the supervisor at the African host >> institution to attend the student's dissertation defense. >> >> Application Procedure >> >> Deadlines for application packages to be received by the Foundation >> are October 1, 1997, and March 2, 1998. Candidates are strongly urged >> to submit their applications well in advance of the date on which >> field work is expected to begin. Preliminary inquiries as to the >> relevance of the research topic and the proposed institutional >> setting in Africa are encouraged. The selection committee will >> consider only complete applications, which must be prepared according >> to "Instructions for Preparing the Application Package" provided by >> the Foundation. The following items are required in the application: >> >> 1.The applicant's dissertation proposal, accompanied by a letter >> clearly indicating final approval by the thesis advisory committee. >> The proposal should include research objectives, conceptual >> framework, literature review, methodology, and time line. It should >> also discuss the project's relevance to African development. The >> proposal must be written in English. If longer than 15 pages (not >> including bibliography or annexes), it must be accompanied by a >> detailed summary of no more than 15 pages. >> >> 2.Photocopies of the following documents certified by the Foreign >> Student Office of the applicant's university: 1) the page(s) of the >> applicant's passport indicating the country of citizenship and date >> and place of issue, and 2) the page bearing the visa for the U. S. >> or Canada. >> >> 3.Three letters of reference, commenting on the content and design >> of the proposal and the ability of the applicant to conduct the >> research. Letters written in French should be accompanied by an >> English translation. One of the letters should be from the chair of >> the applicant's dissertation committee and should confirm >> approval of the applicant's proposal as well as the status towards >> completing course work and passing qualifying examinations. >> >> 4.(a) An academic review of the dissertation proposal, written by the >> person at the host institution in Africa who will supervise the >> applicant's work. (b) This person must also state his or her >> commitment to supervision of the research and the ability of the >> host institution to provide necessary services, such as office >> space, laboratory facilities, access to study sites, and technical >> advice. >> >> 5.A letter from the head or appropriate officer of the host institution >> in Africa confirming that the affiliation proposed in the host >> supervisor's letter (described in item 4) is acceptable to the host >> institution. >> >> 6.A budget, not to exceed US$20,000, itemizing and justifying all >> costs. (A budget guideline sheet is distributed to applicants.) >> >> 7.A letter outlining the applicant's entire financial support package, >> including the write-up period following the applicant's return from >> the field. This letter should come from an appropriate official of the >> principal funding agency or the applicant's university. Applicants >> who are self-supporting should write a letter to this effect. >> >> 8.All official graduate transcripts for master's degree programs and >> Ph.D. course work. >> >> 9.A curriculum vitae. >> >> 10.A completed basic data form (provided by the Foundation). >> >> 11.A successful applicant will be asked to provide a letter from the >> appropriate administrative office of the American or Canadian >> university, stating its willingness to administer the award (with the >> exception of the contribution to the African host institution) without >> charge. Applicants are advised to comply with the university's >> procedures for the submission of proposals to external funding >> agencies. >> >> >> >> >> Send complete application packages to: >> >> African Dissertation Internships >> The Rockefeller Foundation >> 420 Fifth Avenue >> New York, NY 10018-2702 >> >> Inquiries may also be directed to: >> >> African Dissertation Internships >> The Rockefeller Foundation >> PO Box 47543 >> Nairobi, Kenya >> >> >> > > > > ----------------------------------- N'Deye Marie N'Jie Graduate Research Associate The Ohio State University Rm 260 Agricultural Engineering Bldg 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus, OH 43210 Fax: (614)292-9448 Phone: (614) 688-3445 (W) E-mail: njie.1@osu.edu ------------------------------ [/quote]   Check here to include your profile signature.